Interdisciplinary Journal of Religious and Multicultural Perspectives
type: channel
description: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Religious and Multicultural Perspectives (ISSN 3052-6000) is a peer-reviewed academic journal dedicated to publishing high-quality research that explores the intersections of religion, culture, and social sciences. Our journal provides a platform for scholars, researchers, and educators to engage in critical discussions and present innovative perspectives across a wide range of disciplines within the social sciences and humanities. The Interdisciplinary Journal of Religious and Multicultural Perspectives (IJRMP) welcomes contributions in various formats, including research articles, essays, teaching notes, and book reviews. In addition, we encourage the submission of reports on debates and developments, country studies, conference reports, case studies, lesson reports, reviews, and review essays. We particularly seek manuscripts that either apply social science methodologies in a meaningful way or critically reflect on their application within humanities and social science research. Founded to serve as a leading publication for social science education, IJRMP upholds the highest scholarly standards. Our journal is distinguished by its strong theoretical foundation, interdisciplinary approach, international reach, and commitment to originality. Each submission undergoes a rigorous anonymous peer-review process to ensure the quality and integrity of published work. By fostering intellectual exchange and promoting diverse perspectives, IJRMP aims to contribute to the advancement of knowledge in religious and multicultural studies while addressing contemporary global challenges in the social sciences and humanities. The journal primarily covers social science studies and also emphasizes the following topics: Anthropology Psychology Politics Law History Culture Literature and Linguistics Studies Ethnic Relations Immigration and Migrant Workers Studies Multicultural studies Communication Peace Studies Religious Studies IJRMP is widely rega…
publisher: Multidisciplinary Center
language: en
publication name: Interdisciplinary Journal of Religious and Multicultural Perspectives
issn: 3052-6000
copyright: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. The journal allows authors to retain publishing rights without restrictions and encourages sharing the published work in institutional repositories and academic networks.
items: How Marketing Strategies of Ideas by Gul Ahmed Capturing Their Consumers
items: Reframing Radicalization: A Structured Literature Review of Islamist Militancy in the Philippines (2000–2024)
items: The Nature and Extent of Bullying: Evidence from Students of a South African University
items: Analysis of Village Public Information Disclosure in Central Java Province to realize Good Village Governance is reviewed based on the High Number of Village Public Information Disputes
items: Literature Review: Implementation of Learning Management System in Learning
items: The Role of Tourism in the Trade Relations Between China and South Africa
items: Integrated Criminal Policy Approaches to Preventing Violence Against Women and Children
items: A Framework for Economic Resilience Through Monetary Plurality
items: Role of Muslim Women in Interreligious Education: An Islamic Perspective
items: The Worship of Ong Bon at Phuoc AN Temple, Thu Dau Mot Ward, Ho Chi Minh City: Ritual Procedures and Symbolic Significance
items: Recent Amendments in Nab Law an In - Depth Analysis
items: Ethnic and Local Characteristics of Men’s Traditional Clothing in the Khorezm Oasis
items: Sound, Symbol, and Devotion: A Semiotic Study of Fǎqì Percussion and Fànbài Chant in Han Mahayana Buddhism
items: International Political Rhetoric and Domestic Conflict Narratives: A Qualitative Analysis of Trump’s ‘Christian Genocide’ Speech and Nigerian Media Responses
items: Ethnic Conflict between UIT and UTM University Students: Root Causes, Governance and Response
items: Zakat, Infaq, and Social Justice in Islamic Political Thought: An Analytical Normative Framework for Foreign Policy Ethics"
items: Balochistan’s Trophy Hunting Program Promoting Conservation and Community Development
items: A Discursive Comparison of Trump’s and Al-Kazemi’s Speeches: Investigating Terrorism from Two Perspectives
items: Exploring Youths’ Enantiodromia and Passive Coping in Venice City During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Phenomenological Study
items: The Effects of Continuous Debt on National Economic Growth
items: Analysis of Learning Models in Film
items: Enhancing Laser Physics Education through Multimedia Technologies and Interactive Simulators
items: An Analysis of the Cost Efficiency in Tourism Management
items: Comparative Analysis of the Image of Timur, Researched in English Literature
items: Exploring Youth Behavior and Mental Health: A Psychological and Sociological Analysis During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic

How Marketing Strategies of Ideas by Gul Ahmed Capturing Their Consumers
type: item
description: The purpose of this research is to examine the marketing strategies of Ideas by Gul Ahmed by which they capture their customers and turn them into their consumers. The focus of the study is on the customers of apparel industry, and how the different marketing strategies affect them and influence their consumer buying behavior to change into the consumer. The result indicates that one of the marketing strategies of Ideas by Gul Ahmed is to penetrate the market by using the psychological pricing strategy as their marketing strategies that influence their consumer buying behavior. During the visit to company we come to know that the online presence and marketing strategies influence the consumer behavior in a different manner which potentially increase their conversions and attract every person who can afford the product. This topic helps people to understand the how can effectively marketing strategies can affect the consumers, and their behavior. This report is reliable for the students or employees to take inspiration for their work or they can use it as the purpose of research on consumer buying behavior.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Marketing Strategies; Consumer Buying Behavior; Social Media Marketing; Brand Image; Customer Engagement; Ideas by Gul Ahmed
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdol Rashid Esfahani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-13
publication date: 2026-06-13
starting page: 46
ending page: 56
doi: 10.18415/t4vgbt48

Reframing Radicalization: A Structured Literature Review of Islamist Militancy in the Philippines (2000–2024)
type: item
description: <a href="https://ijrmp.com/index.php/journal/This study reexamines predominant interpretations of Islamist militancy in the Philippines through a structured literature review and thematic synthesis of empirical research from 2000 to 2024. Drawing on 38 qualitative (including 7 mixed) + 14 quantitative = 52 studies, the analysis identifies four interrelated factors driving militant mobilization: socioeconomic marginalization, kinship-based recruitment networks, ideological framing, and governance fragility.The study produces a conceptual framework demonstrating how these factors interact to produce context-specific pathways to radicalization, rather than operating as independent variables. This approach challenges predominantly linear and ideology-centric models of radicalization by emphasizing the relational and structural dynamics underlying militant recruitment. The findings highlight the central role of social embeddedness and institutional conditions in shaping extremist trajectories, especially in conflict-affected regions such as Mindanao. The study provides a coherent explanatory framework and offers context-sensitive insights for more effective and sustainable counter-extremism strategies.">This study reexamines predominant interpretations of Islamist militancy in the Philippines through a structured literature review and thematic synthesis of empirical research from 2000 to 2024. Drawing on 38 qualitative (including 7 mixed) + 14 quantitative = 52 studies, the analysis identifies four interrelated factors driving militant mobilization: socioeconomic marginalization, kinship-based recruitment networks, ideological framing, and governance fragility.The study produces a conceptual framework demonstrating how these factors interact to produce context-specific pathways to radicalization, rather than operating as independent variables. This approach challenges predominantly linear and ideology-centric models of radicalization by emphasizing the relational and str…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Islamist Militancy
  topic: keywords
subject: Thematic Synthesis
  topic: keywords
subject: Radicalization
  topic: keywords
subject: Political Violence
  topic: keywords
subject: Governance Fragility
  topic: keywords
creator: Emil Arca
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Emil Arca (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-13
publication date: 2026-06-13
starting page: 57
ending page: 76
doi: 10.18415/3hbdca26

The Nature and Extent of Bullying: Evidence from Students of a South African University
type: item
description: The purpose of this study was to explore the nature and extent of bullying amongst university students [Undergraduate and postgraduate students]. Stemming from students’ experiences on bullying during their academic lives at tertiary institutions, they often become perpetrators and victims of bullying. The researchers used the Social Learning Theory confirming that people observe and learn certain behaviours from others to explore the nature and the extent of bullying, using a South African university as a case study. The quantitative research approach was employed. The non-probability snowball sampling was adopted to select Twenty (20) fulltime registered students and the collected data was solicited using the questionnaire, restricted from 2017-2020 [Three – 03 years’ projection], with the pie charts and frequency tables used for analysis. Data was collected from all levels students, as prior indicated; about 31.8% 1st level, 18.2% 2nd level, 22.7% 3rd and 18.2% from other levels which include 4th level and postgraduate students that are catered in the South African university. This study was not limited to any ethnic group, 50% were Pedi, 4.5% Venda, 13.6% Tsonga and 22.7% Swati. All faculties were included in data collection, 45.5% students from humanity, 9.1% management and law, 18.2% health science and 18.2% science and agriculture. This study found that most students are bullied by fellow students and security officers, males are more likely to be the bullies than females and most students bully with friends because of group pressure or as a form of retaliation. It is recommend that [this] South African university should take legal actions towards people who practice bullying or even expel them from the institution, staff should undergo workshops and training to teach them to be humble and polite to students, campaigns to prevent bullying should be implemented in campus and support groups to help victims of bullying to cope, anti-bullying policies should be i…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bullying; Case study; Nature and extent; South African university; Students
  topic: keywords
creator: Erna Tjahjono
creator: Tomy Istijanto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-13
publication date: 2026-06-13
starting page: 30
ending page: 45
doi: 10.18415/s7fsgd60

Analysis of Village Public Information Disclosure in Central Java Province to realize Good Village Governance is reviewed based on the High Number of Village Public Information Disputes
type: item
description: This article examines the relationship between village public information disclosure in order to realize good village governance after the enactment of Law Number 14 of 2008 concerning Public Information Disclosure (UU KIP) and Information Commission Regulation number 1 of 2018 concerning Village Public Information Service Standards. This article analyzes the condition of village public information disclosure in terms of the high number of village public information disputes. Village Information Disclosure has an important role in achieving the goals of good governance because it is an access for the community to help the village government realize these goals. Articles are normative legal articles supported by empirical data. Based on this article the results obtained that Disclosure of public information Villages in Central Java are still in apprehensive condition, at least seen from two things, namely the domination of village public information disputes over other public information disputes in the last 5 years and the condition of the lack of access to village public information due to the limited availability of human resources.not yet adequate for the management of the Village Information System and digitalization of Village public information, as well as the important role of village information and documentation management officials (PPID). Solution to realize village public information openness is bypromote participation, transparency, andby optimizing the availability of village public information services by the village PPID supported by all village officials. The Provincial Information Commission supports village public information disclosurethrough the development of village and community apparatus by all relevant agencies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Public Information Disclosure; Village; Good Governance; Village PPID
  topic: keywords
creator: Lucia Ottmann
creator: John Meker
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-13
publication date: 2026-06-13
starting page: 13
ending page: 29
doi: 10.18415/9zahd497

Literature Review: Implementation of Learning Management System in Learning
type: item
description: The purpose of this research is to produce a learning management system product, analyze the feasibility of a learning management system and analyze the effectiveness of a learning management system product. This study uses a literature study research method. The data collection technique is by collecting several previous studies to answer the feasibility of the media, responses, and learning outcomes after applying learning media with a learning management system. Previous research that has been collected is then compiled, analyzed, and concluded so as to obtain conclusions about the development of learning media with learning management systems. The conclusion in this study can be drawn that from the results of the analysis above, the learning media with the learning management system is said to be feasible because it meets the aspects of the validity of the media with the learning management system with an average percentage of validation assessment. 61% -100% with good to very good quality.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Keywords: Learning Management System (LMS), E-Learning, Online Learning, Virtual Learning Environment
  topic: keywords
creator: Fitri Conscience
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-13
publication date: 2026-06-13
starting page: 1
ending page: 12
doi: 10.18415/csa72t20

The Role of Tourism in the Trade Relations Between China and South Africa
type: item
description: While the historical interactions between these two nations have predominantly focused on commodities trade, infrastructure investment, and manufacturing exchanges, the tourism sector now plays a crucial role in enhancing foreign exchange earnings, expanding the service sector, generating investment spillovers, fostering cultural diplomacy, and facilitating long-term economic integration. The contemporary landscape of South–South economic cooperation is undergoing a profound metamorphosis, with tourism emerging as a pivotal structural catalyst within the Beijing–Pretoria axis. While historical engagements were primarily anchored in the extraction of primary commodities and heavy industrial financing, the current paradigm shift positions the tourism sector as a sophisticated engine for foreign exchange stabilization and service-sector diversification. This research deploys an interdisciplinary analytical lens—integrating international political economy with developmental sociology—to dissect the multidimensional impact of tourism mobility on bilateral trade balances, FDI trajectories, and the empowerment of SME ecosystems. The evidence suggests that tourism functions not merely as a peripheral leisure activity but as a strategic bridge for geopolitical synchronization across the Global South. The study concludes by advocating for a governance model rooted in digital transformation and BRICS-centric sustainable development.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Tourism Economics; China–South Africa Relations; South–South Cooperation; Bilateral Trade; Soft Power; Global South Development
  topic: keywords
creator: Lucia Shilaluke
creator: Annisa Ottmann
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-10
publication date: 2026-03-10
starting page: 32
ending page: 41
doi: 10.18415/zf5jde55

Integrated Criminal Policy Approaches to Preventing Violence Against Women and Children
type: item
description: Violence against women and children is a multidimensional phenomenon shaped by legal rules, institutional practices, social norms, economic inequality, and trauma-related health consequences. Evidence from global prevalence studies indicates that violence is widespread and persistent, requiring prevention strategies that extend beyond punishment alone (World Health Organization [WHO], 2021). International standards increasingly frame violence against women and children as a human-rights violation and a state due-diligence obligation, emphasizing survivor safety, non-discrimination, and access to justice (United Nations General Assembly, 1993; UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women [CEDAW], 2017). This paper proposes an integrated criminal policy model that combines (1) effective legal frameworks and enforcement; (2) victim-centered justice and protection; (3) evidence-informed offender management and rehabilitation; and (4) long-term social prevention aligned with public-health and human-rights frameworks. Drawing on the Istanbul Convention’s “4Ps” logic—prevention, protection, prosecution, and coordinated policies—this paper argues that integrated policy is most effective when criminal justice systems are linked to health, social services, education, and community-based interventions (Council of Europe, 2011). The paper concludes with actionable recommendations: strengthen risk-based protection, improve prosecution quality, scale evidence-based prevention packages (INSPIRE and RESPECT), and institutionalize coordinated multi-agency governance with measurable outcomes (WHO, 2016; WHO, 2019).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Violence Against Women; Violence Against Children; Criminal Policy; Prevention; Victim-Centered Justice; Human Rights; Integrated Governance
  topic: keywords
creator: Jonathan David Cena
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-10
publication date: 2026-03-10
starting page: 11
ending page: 17
doi: 10.18415/91zh3w40

A Framework for Economic Resilience Through Monetary Plurality
type: item
description: The persistence of global financial instability, sovereign debt fragility, inflationary volatility, and asymmetric currency dependence has intensified scholarly debate regarding the structural limitations of centralized fiat-monetary regimes. This study advances a theoretically grounded and institutionally operational Monetary Plurality Framework designed to enhance systemic resilience through diversified currency architecture, asset-anchored valuation, and hybrid governance integration. Drawing upon interdisciplinary monetary theory, comparative institutional analysis, and resilience economics, the research develops a multi-tier monetary ecosystem combining centralized macro-stability with decentralized micro-adaptability enabled by distributed ledger technologies. The findings suggest that monetary diversification reduces crisis transmission, strengthens domestic productive linkage, and improves long-term financial sovereignty. The study contributes to the literature by synthesizing complementary currency theory, asset-backed monetary design, and digital governance economics into a unified resilience-oriented model suitable for volatile global conditions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Passive Coping; Psychosocial Adjustment; Youth
  topic: keywords
creator: Naisha Vaddi Tanzeel
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-09
publication date: 2026-03-09
starting page: 1
ending page: 10
doi: 10.18415/41870954

Role of Muslim Women in Interreligious Education: An Islamic Perspective
type: item
description: Interreligious learning is becoming more relevant in plural societies, as the case of Bangladesh will illustrate, where religious diversity finds its place alongside resilient cultural and Islamic traditions. Muslim women, as teachers, mothers and members of the community are a meaningful force for promoting dialogue, tolerance and social harmony. Yet, their contribution has been less researched empirically, particularly in an Islamic context. This research is designed to explore the role of Muslim women in interfaith education in Bangladesh. In particular, it aims to examine their background knowledge and understanding; perceived roles and Islamic rationale for participation; the perceived barriers of Muslim women’s involvement; and socio-cultural implications. Quantitative research design was employed with the aid of a structured questionnaire on a five-point Likert scale. Muslim women were drawn from educational institutions, community and organizations. Relationships between awareness, religiosity/religious perspective, participation and perceived impact were evaluated using descriptive statistics and inferential analyses. The results have demonstrated significant consensus in which Islamic knowledge is conducive to tolerance and Muslim women contribute toward fostering respect for religious pluralism. But there were also cultural barriers, institutional constraints and training gaps that hindered active participation. The involvement of women in interreligious education is positively associated with perceived social harmony, youth tolerance, and community cohesion. The research concludes that policy support, education and training for Muslim women could contribute to the enhancement of the understanding among religious communities in Bangladesh consistent with Islamic teachings.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Interreligious Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Muslim Women
  topic: keywords
subject: Islamic Perspective
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Cohesion
  topic: keywords
subject: Gender and Religious
  topic: keywords
creator: Marufa Islam
creator: Md Sarowar Hossain
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Marufa Islam, Md Sarowar Hossain (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-27
publication date: 2026-03-27
starting page: 42
ending page: 57
doi: 10.18415/2xq67h08

The Worship of Ong Bon at Phuoc AN Temple, Thu Dau Mot Ward, Ho Chi Minh City: Ritual Procedures and Symbolic Significance
type: item
description: This article examines the ritual process of the worship of Ong Bon at Phuoc An Temple, Thu Dau Mot Ward, Ho Chi Minh City, with a focus on interpreting the symbolic meanings of ritual practices. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, participant observation, and in-depth interviews, the study documents and analyzes activities performed during the festival, such as sedan chair shaking, touch statue, passing beneath the sedan chair and ritual chants. Grounded in Victor Turner’s theories of ritual and symbolism and Clifford Geertz’s interpretive anthropology, the findings demonstrate that each ritual embodies distinct layers of meaning, ranging from divine - human communion and the seeking of blessings to the reaffirmation of collective belief. Accordingly, the worship of Ong Bon is not merely a form of religious practice but also a distinctive mode of cultural expression, reflecting the adaptive transformation of Chinese religious traditions in the Southern Vietnamese context.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ong Bon
  topic: keywords
subject: Binh Duong
  topic: keywords
subject: Religious Beliefs
  topic: keywords
subject: Chinese Community
  topic: keywords
creator: To Huynh Anh Tuan
creator: Dang Hoang Lan
creator: Bui Thi Ngoc Phuong
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 To To Huynh Anh Tuan, Dr. Dang Hoang Lan, Dr. Bui Thi Ngoc Phuong (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-10
publication date: 2026-03-10
starting page: 18
ending page: 31
doi: 10.18415/nzbvjv91

Recent Amendments in Nab Law an In - Depth Analysis
type: item
description: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the National Accountability Ordinance (NAO) 1999 in the prevention of corruption within the public sector of Pakistan. It evaluates the legal framework and the results of its implementation. Corruption is a substantial impediment to the development and stability of nations, particularly in the sphere of public affairs, as it perpetuates inequalities, impedes economic growth, and undermines trust. A comprehensive set of laws, regulations, and institutional structures, the National Accountability Ordinance (NAO) was enacted in Pakistan to address corruption. Its objective is to promote effective governance, accountability, and transparency. The study employs doctrinal qualitative analysis to contextualise the research within the ethical, legal, and social frameworks. The research methodology employed is interpretive, analytical, and evaluative. The study emphasises the fundamental principles that serve as the foundation of the NAO, with a particular focus on its role in the prevention of corrupt practices, the investigation of corruption cases, and the imposition of sanctions on those responsible. This essay investigates the function of the National Accountability Bureau (NAB), a distinguished organisation that is dedicated to the prevention of corruption. The National Accountability Bureau (NAB) is responsible for the enforcement of the National Accountability Ordinance (NAO) through the conduct of investigations and legal proceedings in corruption cases. This article examines the obstacles and conflicts that arise during the implementation of the NAO in the context of anti-corruption initiatives. The assessment conducts a comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy of accountability mechanisms, the independence of anti-corruption organisations, and political interference. The research indicates that corruption has significantly undermined the efficiency of the public sector. It is imperative to establish and…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: NAB Law; Anti-Corruption; Pakistan; Legal Amendments; Political Interference; Accountability; NAO 1999
  topic: keywords
creator: Haroon Rasheed
creator: Arz Muhammad Umrani
creator: Husnain Rasheed
creator: Abdul Malik
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-22
publication date: 2025-12-22
starting page: 71
ending page: 101

Ethnic and Local Characteristics of Men’s Traditional Clothing in the Khorezm Oasis
type: item
description: This article provides a detailed ethnographic analysis of men’s traditional clothing in the Khorezm oasis, emphasizing its ethnic, social, and environmental dimensions. Particular attention is paid to headwear and outer garments as key indicators of local identity, age hierarchy, and social respect. The study combines a critical analysis of classical ethnographic and historical literature with the author’s long-term field research conducted in various districts of Khorezm between 1995 and 2017. The findings demonstrate that despite significant socio-economic changes during the twentieth century, many traditional elements of men’s clothing have been preserved in ceremonial contexts and continue to function as symbols of cultural continuity.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Traditional Clothing; Khorezm; Men’s Costume; Skullcap; Chogirma; Chapan; Ethnography
  topic: keywords
creator: Bahtiyor Norov
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-17
publication date: 2025-12-17
starting page: 67
ending page: 70

Sound, Symbol, and Devotion: A Semiotic Study of Fǎqì Percussion and Fànbài Chant in Han Mahayana Buddhism
type: item
description: Fǎqì is a percussion instrument traditionally employed in Han Mahayana Buddhist practice and plays a central role in regulating monastic life and ritual worship. Functioning as an acoustic signaling system, fǎqì is used to mark the division of six daily periods (liùshí xíngdào) in monastery activities, including early morning, midday, late afternoon, evening, and late-night observances. In addition to its time-keeping role, fǎqì serves as rhythmic accompaniment in gòngxiū devotional ceremonies. Within ritual performance, fǎqì interacts with core musical elements—melody, harmony, rhythm, and timbre—particularly in the chanting of zànsòng hymns and the recitation of sòngjīng texts rendered in the fànbài vocal style. These vocal practices are based on scriptural sources drawn from the Mahātripiṭaka, including sutras, mantras, and dhāraṇīs. The central issue addressed in this study concerns the function of fǎqì as a tempo-regulating instrument that simultaneously operates as a symbolic sound marker accompanying fànbài chant. This research adopts a qualitative phenomenological approach, integrating ethnomusicological perspectives derived from Bruno Nettl with theories of musical semiotics. Data were collected through interpretative phenomenological analysis involving participant observation, in-depth interviews conducted both online and offline, focus group discussions, and documentation. The findings demonstrate that fǎqì functions not merely as a temporal signaling device but as an integral component of religious musical expression. The instrumentation system employs established symbolic notations and designated percussion instruments—including dàqǐng, mùyú, yǐnqǐng, diàozhōng, hāzǐ, gǔ, dàgǔ, and dāngzǐ—each fulfilling specific ritual and musical roles. Through its organized sound production and symbolic function, fǎqì may be understood as a form of religious music that embodies the spiritual identity and contemplative orientation of Han Mahayana Buddhism.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Fǎqì Percussion; Fànbài Chant; Han Mahayana Buddhism; Buddhist Ritual Music; Ethnomusicology
  topic: keywords
creator: Dina Nostalga
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-16
publication date: 2025-12-16
starting page: 1
ending page: 12

International Political Rhetoric and Domestic Conflict Narratives: A Qualitative Analysis of Trump’s ‘Christian Genocide’ Speech and Nigerian Media Responses
type: item
description: Religious violence in Nigeria attracts significant international attention, particularly when external actors frame domestic conflicts in moralized or geopolitical terms. Donald Trump’s 2025 declaration of a “Christian genocide” in Nigeria intensified global scrutiny and reshaped discourse surrounding local insecurity. Although prior studies examine religion, political rhetoric, and media framing in Nigeria, none have analysed these perspectives through integrated lenses of securitization, globalization, and postcolonial contestation. This study addresses this gap by critically assessing how Nigerian newspapers framed Trump’s claims, examining how international media interpreted, reproduced, or contested these assertions, and analysing competing narratives around violence, identity, and religion. An explorative qualitative design was employed, drawing on peer-reviewed journal articles, scholarly books, and reputable reports, analysed thematically. Securitization theory guided the analysis, illuminating how external rhetoric constructs perceived threats. Key findings reveal that Trump’s speech elevated localized violence into a global moral crisis, while Nigerian media actively negotiated, resisted, or reframed these narratives in line with domestic political, social, and religious contexts. The study recommends evidence-based, context-sensitive reporting and improved international engagement strategies. Consequently, this study contributes to conflict studies, international relations, media studies, African studies, and contemporary historical studies. Policy implications include strengthening media regulation, promoting conflict-sensitive journalism, and developing strategies to manage the influence of external political rhetoric. Future research should explore how digital media and transnational networks shape the circulation and impact of international political narratives on African conflict discourses.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Christian Genocide; Media Framing; Conflict; Political Rhetoric; Nigeria
  topic: keywords
creator: A.F USMAN
creator: Muazu Alkali BELLO
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 PROF. AF USMAN, Muazu Alkali BELLO (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-16
publication date: 2025-12-16
starting page: 13
ending page: 29

Ethnic Conflict between UIT and UTM University Students: Root Causes, Governance and Response
type: item
description: Interethnic relation is an inevitable aspect of any social relationship. The main aim of this study was to assess the interethnic relation between UIT and UTM university students especially the case of University undergraduate students. The study employed qualitative case study design through dealing with wide ranges of primary and secondary sources. Key informants and FGD participants were selected based on both purposive and snowball sampling. The data obtained from both primary and secondary sources were analyzed using thematic analysis. This study revealed that collective memory, activists and political parties with extremist ideas, unverified or edited historical narrations, hate speech, social media, and abusive statements of government officials are behind the cause of the interethnic conflict between UIT and UTM students in BDU. The university organized SD programs and a consistent dialogue and successive training that aims to create interethnic friendship ought to be rendered so that there exists a smooth interethnic relation between UIT and UTM students. The researcher recommended that the ethnic identity of every Ethiopian should be respected, while at the same time national identity must be stressed in order not to repeat the previous mistakes of over emphasis of either ethnicity or nationality.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ethnicity; Ethnic Groups; UIT; UTM
  topic: keywords
creator: Jalaia Abund
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jalaia Abund (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
starting page: 33
ending page: 44

Zakat, Infaq, and Social Justice in Islamic Political Thought: An Analytical Normative Framework for Foreign Policy Ethics"
type: item
description: This study demonstrates at a conceptual level that the fundamental principles of Islamic political thought—zakat, infaq, and social justice—constitute an authentic normative framework for foreign policy ethics. The research argues that states should guide their international behavior not only through calculations of power and interest but also through principles of moral responsibility and distributive justice. The central problematic of the study concerns how the principles of zakat, infaq, and social justice in Islamic political thought form the normative foundation of states' foreign policy behaviors, and what theoretical and practical contributions these principles can offer to the construction of a distributive justice-centered foreign policy ethics model in the contemporary international system. Through qualitative research methodology, the study systematically examines classical Islamic sources and contemporary normative international relations literature, conducting data-concept-theory analysis. Findings reveal that Islamic political thought presents a three-layered normative structure extending from individual taqwa consciousness at the micro level to a global justice order at the macro level. It has been determined that zakat constitutes an institutional model for international solidarity and resource sharing, infaq strengthens foreign policy behaviors based on voluntary responsibility consciousness, and social justice ensures internal-external policy coherence through moral consistency. The study demonstrates that states' establishment of social justice internally directly affects their acquisition of normative credibility and legitimacy externally. Administrators' possession of beautiful character, taqwa, and ihsan enables the establishment of strong bonds with the populace, and this bond multiplies the state's success in foreign policy. The research makes an original contribution to international relations literature by building conceptual bridges betwe…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Islamic Political Thought; Zakat; Infaq; Social Justice; Foreign Policy Ethics; Normative International Relations
  topic: keywords
creator: Sıddık Arslan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sıddık Arslan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-16
publication date: 2025-12-16
starting page: 30
ending page: 66

Balochistan’s Trophy Hunting Program Promoting Conservation and Community Development
type: item
description: This study assesses the Trophy Hunting Programme in Balochistan its practice, impactsin biodiversity improvement within six community-based conservancies in Balochistan namely 1) Torghar Community Game Reserve, 2) Dureji Community Game Reserve, 3) Shahnoorani Community Game Reserve, 4) Taloband Community Game Reserve, 5) Phore Community Game Reserve and 6) Baran Lakh Community Game Reserve, Pakistan. The study focuses on the harvest of five ungulate species (Suleiman Markhor, Afghan Urial, Blandford Urial, Sind Ibex, and Kennion Gazelle). Data analysis explores species quotas allocated by the CITES management authority, revenue generation, and the program's impact on local communities. The analysis of data in this study reveals thatin Trophy Hunting Season 2021-22 overall quota for Balochistan was 44 Nos., while in Trophy Hunting Season 2022-23 it was increased upto 56 Trophies and in Trophy Hunting Season 2023-24 it has jumped upto allocation of 80 trophies to the province which indicates the increase in the population size of targeted species in all the notified conservancies, moreover, the trophy hunting season 2023-24 was highly successful, with the Suleiman Markhor fetching the world's highest bid of Rs. 0.245 Million (US Dollars) and generating a total Revenue as Rs. 455,222,835/- (Four Hundred Fifty-five Million Two Hundred Twenty-two Thousand Eight Hundred Thirty-five). Based on these results, the study recommends: Strategically expanding trophy hunting opportunities with meticulous consideration of new target species and geographic areas, Establishing a dedicated Trophy Hunting Endowment Fund to channel revenue towards wildlife habitat enhancement and community development initiatives, Implementing supplementary projects within the conservancies to address climate change mitigation and zoonotic disease control and Utilizing online bidding platforms to streamline the process and enhance accessibility for international hunters. Besides, the evaluation of Hist…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Trophy Hunting Programme; Sustainable Conservation Strategy; Community Development
  topic: keywords
creator: Arz Muhammad Umrani
creator: Sharif ud Din Baloch
creator: Tariq Khan
creator: Mehmood Khan
creator: Karam Khan
creator: Umair Safdar
creator: Muhammad Sajawal
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Arz Muhammad Umrani, Sharif ud Din Baloch, Tariq Khan, Mehmood Khan, Karam Khan, Umair Safdar, Muhammad Sajawal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
starting page: 23
ending page: 32

A Discursive Comparison of Trump’s and Al-Kazemi’s Speeches: Investigating Terrorism from Two Perspectives
type: item
description: Considering the prevalent use of political discourse in the politicized world today, especially the ever-existing east and west polarities, any attempt to conduct a critical discourse analysis can be worth considering. Knowledge of the underlying thoughts and intentions of politicians in the discourse they present to one or more nations can be interesting and useful to English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners too, as they are supposed to be prepared to face authentic text types. In the present research, the samples of the speeches made by two political leaders talking about terrorism were analyzed. One speaker was Donald Trump, the president of the U.S. and the other was Al-Kazemi, the prime minister of Iraq. These two could very well represent the two opposing perspectives to terrorism, the western and the eastern. For this purpose, Van Dijk’s theoretical framework was used which originally consists of 40 strategies, among which 12 were analyzed in this research. Among these strategies, some were more commonly used to influence the audience than the others (e.g. repetition). The qualitative analysis also showed that both parties attempted to exempt the self from the prevalent terrorism and instead blame the other for promoting terrorism. The western party even showed instances of putting part of the blame on his political rival in the U.S. (Hillary Clinton) for the promotion of terrorism. Finally, the findings were discussed in further detail and several conclusive remarks were made. Suggestions for further research followed the conclusion.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Critical Discourse Analysis; Discourse Analysis; Political Discourse; Van Dijk’s Model
  topic: keywords
creator: Seyed Ali Ali Jamil
creator: Foud Motevali
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Seyed Ali Ali Jamil, Foud Motevali (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
starting page: 6
ending page: 22

Exploring Youths’ Enantiodromia and Passive Coping in Venice City During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Phenomenological Study
type: item
description: The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as an unprecedented global health crisis, affecting not only physical health but also the psychological resilience of societies. Particularly among youths, the crisis has intensified existing psychosocial vulnerabilities, often manifesting as enantiodromia—acting contrary to recommended norms—and passive coping mechanisms. This study aimed to explore how these patterns among youths in Venice City contributed to poor psychosocial adjustment and potentially accelerated the spread of COVID-19. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, data were collected through interviews, transect walk observations, and targeted surveillance of indoor recreational centers and khat-selling areas. Findings revealed that cognitive and behavioral passive coping, combined with oppositional behavior (enantiodromia), acted as underlying psychosocial processes exacerbating public health challenges during the pandemic.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Enantiodromia; Passive Coping; Psychosocial Adjustment; Youth; COVID-19
  topic: keywords
creator: Andreas Michieletto
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Andreas Michieletto (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
starting page: 1
ending page: 5

The Effects of Continuous Debt on National Economic Growth
type: item
description: This study examines how substantial external debt and its associated servicing obligations influence the economic growth of a national economy. The external debts of both Iraq and Iraq are assessed in a revised framework that employs conventional yet creatively applied economic models and econometric approaches. The research utilizes the Neoclassical growth model—integrating external sector factors, debt indicators, and various macroeconomic variables—to assess both linear and nonlinear impacts of debt on economic expansion and investment. Analytical techniques such as Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Generalized Least Squares (GLS) are used. Among the findings, the study confirms that external debt and its servicing requirements exert a negative effect on economic growth in both countries. Nevertheless, Iraq demonstrates relatively better performance in using foreign loans to support economic development. Furthermore, the results show that while external debt initially fosters growth in Iraq, beyond a certain level, it begins to hinder it, indicating the presence of nonlinear effects.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Debt; Economy; Crisis
  topic: keywords
creator: Al-Khalil Samir
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Al-Khalil Samir (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
starting page: 26
ending page: 33

Analysis of Learning Models in Film
type: item
description: As holders of an important role in learning, teachers and prospective teachers should be equipped with competence in solving problems in the classroom. In the film "Freedom Writer" there are several scenes that we can sample to improve competence in solving problems in class. In the movie "Freedom Writer" the problem that arises in class is about racism. The purpose of this film is to identify problems that can occur in the classroom and how to overcome them. The method used in this research is a two-stage signification semiotic analysis method by Roland Barthes. The main data is obtained based on observations by watching the film Freedom Writers, then the author will make thorough and in-depth observations of each shot per scene. Next, the writer will identify the dialogue and visual images that can represent and describe the social message being studied. Secondary data will be obtained through literature study using reading literature, reading books and scientific works that are related and relevant to the object of research to be studied. The conclusion of this study is the meaning of the educational message contained in the film Freedom Writers which is an example of how teachers or prospective teachers are able to solve problems in the classroom. This film also teaches the value of anti-racism and violence, the value of cooperation, and the value of justice.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Teacher; Racism; Problem Solving
  topic: keywords
creator: Nadia Abdillah Nugroho
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
starting page: 6
ending page: 10

Enhancing Laser Physics Education through Multimedia Technologies and Interactive Simulators
type: item
description: The integration of multimedia technologies into modern education systems presents powerful opportunities to enhance students' cognitive development, engagement, and retention of complex concepts. This paper examines the development, application, and outcomes of utilizing interactive Java applets and digital modeling tools in laser physics education. We detail a collaborative effort among educators, physicists, and multimedia developers to establish an innovative, multimedia-driven educational environment. This study also provides a comprehensive overview of the pedagogical methodologies, technical frameworks, and tangible benefits resulting from the use of Adobe Flash CS3, Autodesk 3ds Max, and Java programming. These tools collectively contribute to delivering high-quality, individualized educational experiences tailored to students' diverse learning needs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Laser Physics; Multimedia Technologies; Teaching Methods; Digital Modeling, Individualized Education; Adobe Flash CS3; Java Programs
  topic: keywords
creator: Nur P. Noridova
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
starting page: 1
ending page: 5

An Analysis of the Cost Efficiency in Tourism Management
type: item
description: Tourists—and the money they spend—can significantly boost a community's economy and government revenues. By allowing local communities to benefit from their natural and cultural attractions, tourism can serve as an effective economic development strategy. As tourism has become an essential part of modern societies, studying and analyzing its impact is crucial to maximizing its economic and social benefits in alignment with societal goals. This study examines cost efficiency in tourism management, focusing on strategies that optimize financial performance while maintaining service quality. By analyzing key factors such as resource allocation, operational expenses, and revenue management, this research identifies best practices for achieving cost efficiency in various tourism sectors, including hospitality, transportation, and destination management. The findings highlight the importance of technology adoption, staff training, and sustainable practices in reducing costs without compromising customer satisfaction. This paper contributes to the existing literature by providing actionable insights for tourism managers and policymakers to enhance profitability and competitiveness in the industry. This study aims to assess the role and impact of management strategies in developing and planning tourism businesses while evaluating various costs and benefits. It highlights the cost-effectiveness of tourism management and explores emerging trends in the industry. In today's landscape, social media plays a crucial role in enhancing cost efficiency. Effective utilization of social media has been shown to increase the number and duration of visits, enhance visitor satisfaction, and improve repeat tourism, ultimately benefiting tourism management.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Tourism
  topic: keywords
subject: Government Revenues
  topic: keywords
subject: Cost Control
  topic: keywords
creator: Johns Mars
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Johns Mars (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
starting page: 13
ending page: 21

Comparative Analysis of the Image of Timur, Researched in English Literature
type: item
description: This study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of the literary representations of Timur (Tamerlane) in Christopher Marlowe's Tamburlaine the Great (1587) and Abdullah Oripov's Sahibkiran (1996). Through close textual analysis and historical contextualization, the paper examines how these two seminal works from radically different cultural traditions - Elizabethan England and post-Soviet Uzbekistan - construct divergent yet equally compelling portraits of the same historical conqueror. The analysis reveals Marlowe's Timur as a complex embodiment of Renaissance humanist ideals, simultaneously charismatic and terrifying, while Oripov's Sahibkiran emerges as a national hero and cultural icon. By employing methodologies from comparative literature and cultural studies, this research demonstrates how literary portrayals of historical figures serve as contested sites of cultural memory, reflecting and shaping national identities. The study makes significant contributions to our understanding of cross-cultural reception history, the politics of historical representation, and the enduring legacy of Timur in both Western and Eastern literary imaginations. The findings highlight the crucial role of historical context in shaping literary interpretations, while also revealing surprising thematic continuities in how different cultures grapple with the paradoxes of power and leadership.This article provides a comparative analysis of the Eastern influences on Christopher Marlowe’s tragedy Tamburlaine the Great, a key work of the 16th-century English playwright. The study investigates how Timur is portrayed in Marlowe’s drama, examining its historical and literary interpretations. Additionally, it explores Timur’s representation in Abdullah Oripov’s drama Sahibkiran, tracing how the figure of Timur has been reimagined across Western and Eastern literary traditions by various writers, poets, and scholars.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Christopher Marlowe
  topic: keywords
subject: Drama
  topic: keywords
subject: Timuriynoma
  topic: keywords
subject: Sahibkiran
  topic: keywords
subject: Amir Temur
  topic: keywords
creator: Nargis Osman Nazarof
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Nargis Osman Nazarof (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
starting page: 6
ending page: 12

Exploring Youth Behavior and Mental Health: A Psychological and Sociological Analysis During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic
type: item
description: The COVID-19 pandemic is a global crisis that has significantly affected healthcare systems, social structures, and individual well-being. This study explores how extreme behavioral shifts (enantiodromia) and passive coping strategies, such as withdrawal and avoidance, have emerged among youth in response to pandemic-induced stress and anxiety. These coping mechanisms can negatively impact psychosocial well-being, leading to increased anxiety, depression, and social strain, further exacerbating the societal challenges posed by the pandemic. The study aims to contribute to the broader understanding of how youth coping behaviors may either alleviate or intensify the effects of COVID-19 within communities and the potential long-term consequences of these patterns. A qualitative phenomenological research design was utilized to explore participants' lived experiences. Data collection methods included interviews, transect walk observations, and personal surveillance, providing a comprehensive understanding of youth engagement with the pandemic in real-life contexts.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Enantiodromia
  topic: keywords
subject: Passive Coping
  topic: keywords
subject: Youth
  topic: keywords
creator: Zanata Roughly Niopia
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Zanata Roughly Niopia (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-11-18
publication date: 2025-11-18
starting page: 1
ending page: 5